Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal
Intelligence (CTONI)
by Don Hammill, Nils Pearson,
and J. Lee Wiederholt
Ages: 6-0 through 90-11
Testing Time: 1 hour
Administration: Individual
The Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal
Intelligence (CTONI) is PRO-ED�s new,
unbiased test that measures
nonverbal reasoning abilities of individuals for whom most other
mental ability tests are either
inappropriate or biased. The CTONI measures analogical
reasoning, categorical classifications,
and sequential reasoning in two different contexts:
pictures of familiar objects
(e.g., people, toys, and animals) and geometric designs (e.g.,
unfamiliar sketches and drawings).
Results of the CTONI are most useful for estimating the
intelligence of individuals
who experience undue difficulty in language or fine motor skills,
including individuals who are
bilingual, who speak a language other than English, or who are
socioeconomically disadvantaged,
deaf, language disordered, motor disabled, or
neurologically impaired. No
oral responses, reading, writing, or object manipulation are
required to take the test.
The CTONI contains the following
subtests: Pictorial Analogies, Geometric Analogies,
Pictorial Categories, Geometric
Categories, Pictorial Sequences, and Geometric
Sequences. The subtests of
the CTONI require students to look at a group of pictures or
designs and to solve problems
involving analogies, categorizations, and sequences.
Individuals indicate their
answer by pointing to alternative choices.
The CTONI yields raw scores,
standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. The test
also has three composite scores:
Nonverbal Intelligence Quotient, Pictorial Nonver-bal
Intelligence Quoitient, and
Geometric Nonverbal Intelligence Quotient.
The CTONI was standardized on
more than 2,500 individuals from 25 U.S. states,
Canada, and Panama. Characteris-tics
of the normative sample have been stratified and
approximate those provided
in the 1997 Statistical Abstract of the United States with
regard to gender, geographic
region, ethnicity, race, urban/rural residence, and disability.
The reliability of the CTONI
has been studied extensively, and evidence relating to content
sampling, time sampling, and
interscorer reliability is provided. The reliability coefficients are
all .80 or greater, indicating
a high level of test reliability. Evidence of content,
criterion-related, and construct
validity also is reported. The CTONI has gone further than
any other test of intelligence
to detect and eliminate sources of cultural, gender, racial, and
linguistic bias. The CTONI
normative sample is representative relative to gender, race,
social class, language spoken
in the home, and disability. Convincing evidence is presented
in the manual to show that
the CTONI items contain little or no bias for the groups studied.
Complete CTONI Kit includes
Examiner�s Manual, Analogies Picture Book,
Categories Picture Book, Sequences
Picture Book, and 25 Profile/Examiner
Record Forms, all in a sturdy
storage box. (1996)
CTONI Complete Kit
Price: $289.00