Child and Young Adult Soldiers
Available Resources  Literature & Related WWW Links

This page contains two sections, the first section consists of annotated hyper links to relevant WWW sites.  The second section contains selected Bibliography of literature related to the use of child and young adult soldiers. To view information about a particular topic, click on the appropriate heading below. WWW Annotated Links Selected Bibliography

Home

Amnesty International- http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/childasia/report3.htm#recruit
Special online report, Children in South Asia: Securing their Rights, containing information and individual stories about the recruitment practice of children in the three South Asia countries (Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Pakistan)

BBC online Special Report- http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/childrenofconflict/soldier.shtml
Special online report, Children in Conflict, containing individual stories of child and youth soldiers in worldwide conflicts.  Includes some related links such as to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Bonn International Center for Conversion- http://uni-bonn.de/demobil/demobil.html
Resources and relevant publications on the demobilization and reintegration of armed forces.

Child Newsline- http://www.gn.apc.org/childnewsline/index.html
Child Newslineis a feature service run by the Panos Institute in London and supported by UNICEF. We cover a range of issues on women and children in developing countries, from child soldiers to women gaining inheritance rights.

Child Rights Information Network- http://www.crin.org
Official website of CRIN.  Contains links to human rights instruments, organizations, and databases.

Child Soldier FAQ- http://www.rb.se/childwardatabase/efaq.htm
Answers to frequently asked questions regarding the use of child soldiers in armed conflicts.  Contained in the Rädda Barnen, Swedish Save the Children website.

Children of War Newsletter- http://www.rb.se/chilwar/index.htm
Current and archived issues of newsletter published by Rädda Barnen and Swedish Save the Children.  Also contains information on how to subscribe.

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers- http://www.child-soldiers.org
Official web site of the Coalition with  information and news regarding the use of child soldiers around the world .    Contains downloadable version of the recently published Coalition report, "The Use of Children as Soldiers in Africa."

Convention on the Rights of the Child- http://www.unicef.org/crc
Summary and discussion of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the most ratified international human rights agreement to date.  Only two more States must sign to achieve universal ratification.

Defense for Children International- http://childhub.ch/webpub/dcihome
Official website of Defense for Children International, containing information, publications, and descriptions of  a campaign initiated by the Dutch section of the organization.

English Language Publications of Rädda Barnen- http://www.childrightsbookshop.org
Electronic bookshop resource for purchasing English language publications of Rädda Barnen on behalf of Swedish Save the Children, including Children:  The Invisible Soldiers by Rachel Brett and Margaret McCallin (1996).

Graca Machel Report- http://www.unicef.org/graca
Full text of the Graca Machel Report, Impact of Armed Conflict on Children available under UNICEF recent publications.

Human Rights Watch- http://www.hrw.org/campaign/crp/index.html
Official website of Human Rights Watch regarding a campaign called "Stop the Use of Child Soldiers", containing an overview,  reports, individual stories, statements and resolutions.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights- http://heiwww.unige.ch/humanrts/iachr/iachr.html
Basic documents, case law, and press releases related to civil rights law in the Americas.

International Committee of the Red Cross - http://www.icrc.org
Official website of International Committee of the Red Cross, containing information about its project " Plan of Action concerning Children in Armed Conflicts".  This Plan of Action aims at promoting the principle of non-recruitment and non-participation of persons under the age of 18 in armed conflicts and at taking concrete action to protect and assist children victims of armed conflicts.

International Federation Terre Des Hommes- http://www.iftdh.org
Official website of International Federation Terre Des Hommes. The section on the topic of child soldier is still under construction.

International Human Rights Instruments- http://www.unhchr.ch:80/html/intlinst.htm
United Nations High Commission for Human Rights homepage links to the full text of a comprehensive list of international human rights instruments, including the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols.

International Labour Organization- http://www.ilo.org
Official website of the ILO.  Contains public information, publications, ILO databases, and up to date information on worldwide events related to labour issues, including the recent 87th Session of the International Labour Conference where the use of child soldiers was debated as an agregious form of illegal child labour.

International Save the Children Alliance- http://www.savechildren.or.jp/alliance
Official website of the International Save the Children Alliance.  Includes position statements by the alliance, along with links to reports, and other organizations involved in the fight against the use of child soldiers. For a report on Children in Armed Conflict and Displacement go to <http://www.savechildren.or.jp/alliance/con_intr.html>.

Jesuit Refugee Service- http://www.jesuit.org/refugee
Official website of Jesuit Refugee Service, click on "Reports" to access a report on the issue of child soldier done by Elisabeth Janz-Mayer Rieckh called "Children learn to commit Atrocities"

Organization of African Unity- http://www.oau-oua.org
Official website of the Organization of African Unity-Organisation de l'Unite Africaine, containing information, publications, and text of resolutions by the OAU-OUA.

Rädda Barnen (Swedish Save the Child)- http://www.rb.se
Rädda Barnen is a Swedish organization that promotes the rights of the child.  It has published several books on the issue of child soldier.  To order their books, please go to  http://www.rb.se/engindex.htm

UNICEF- http://www.unicef.org
UNICEF has several reports on the issue of child soldier.
1. http://www.unicef.org/features/feat155.htm (Size: 9111)
    In Mozambique, a former child soldier forgives and forgets - By Ruth Ansah Ayisi*
2. http://www.unicef.org/features/index.html
    UNICEF Features Menu - UNICEF Home Information Participation Organization Activities.

UNESCO
Has the Culture of Peace Project underway- http://www.unesco.org/cpp/

UNHCR
has several reports on the issue of child soldiers
http://www.unhcr.ch/pubs/rm111/rm11103.htm
http://www.unhcr.ch/pubs/rm111/rm11107.htm

United Nations search engine- http://www.unsystem.org
Official website locator for the United Nations system of organizations around the world.

U.S. Campaign to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers- http://www.us-childsoldiers.org
Official website of the US Campaign to stop the use of child soldiers.  Contains information about campaign participants and activities as well as links to relevant resources.

Amnesty International, Uganda "Breaking God's commands": The destruction of childhood by the Lord's Resistance Army, AI Index: AFR 59/01/97, London, 1997.

Bedjaoui, M. (1986).  Humanitarian law at a time of ailing national and international consensus.  In Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues, Modern Wars, 1.

Boothby, Neil, Upton, Peter, & Sultan, Abubacar, " Boy Soldiers of Mozambique", Refugee Children, Refugee Studies Programme, Oxford, Mar. 1992.

"Boy soldiers: a new and ruthless breed of warriors." In: Newsweek, 1995 (vol.CXXVI), no. 6.

Brett, R., & McCallin, M., Children: The invisible Soldiers, Raedda Barnen, Second Edition, Stockholm, 1998

Catholic Relief Service. 1992. "Reintegration of Ex-Servicemen." Memorandum. Addis Ababa (April)

Center on War and the Child, Uganda: Land of the Child Soldier, A Summary Report, Eureka Springs, Ark., 1987

Center on War and the Child, The Recruitment and use of Children in the Gulf War:  A Summary Report, Eureka Springs, Ark., 1988.

Center on War and the Child, Youth Under Fire: Military Conscription in El Salvador, Eureka Springs, Ark., 1989.

Center on War and the Child, Lebanon:  Children in Armed Conflict from 1975-1989. A Summary Report. Eureka      Springs, Ark., 1990

Children in war: community strategies for healing. Save the Children USA, University of Zimbabwe and Duke University, N.C., 1995.

Colletta, N.J., Kostner, M., & Wiederhofer, I. (1996).  Case studies in war-to-peace transition, World Bank discussion paper no. 331.   Washington, DC:  The World Bank.

Commission for the Rehabilitation Members of the Former Army and Disabled War Veterans. 1991. "Integration of Ex-Servicemen into Productive Activities in Their Respective Communities. Project Outline. Addis Ababa (Nov.)

Debre Zeit Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled War Veterans. 1994. "Objectives and Activities in Brief." The Public Relation Service of the Debre Zeit Center

Defense for Children International, "Report on Second Mission to Iraq (25-29 May 1984)", Geneva, 1984

Dodge, Cole P., "Child Soldiers of Uganda: What Does the Future Hold?" 10 Cultural Survival Quarterly, No. 4, 31, (1986)

Dodge, Cole P. & Raundalen, Magne, Reaching Children in War: Sudan, Uganda and Mozambique, Sigma Forlag, Norway, 1991

Fozzard, S., Surviving violence: a recovery programme for children and families. International Catholic Child Bureau, Geneva, 1995

German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1994. "Evaluation Mission on the Project Reintegration of Ex-servicemen and Displaced Persons." Minutes of the Final Meeting. Addis Ababa (Oct.)

Gibbs, G., "Post-war social reconstruction in Mozambique: reframing children's experience of trauma and healing". In: Disasters, 1994 (vol. 18), no. 3.

Goodwin-Gill, G. & Cohn, I., Child soldiers: the role of children in armed conflicts.  Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994.

GTZ. 1994. "Internal Handbook of the Reintegration of Ex-Servicemen, returnees and Displaced Persons Program." Addis Ababa.

Hilsum, Lindsey, "Not too small to kill", Children First, UNICEF/UK, Autumn 1986, pp. 16-18

Human Rights Watch/Africa, Children's Rights Project, Easy prey: child soldiers in Liberia, New York, 1994.

Interafrica Group/NGO Networking Service. 1994. "Demobilization and Reintegration Issues in the Horn of Africa." Issues Note Number 2. Addis Ababa

International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG). 1995. "Demobilization in the Horn of Africa:  lessons from experiences in sub-Saharan Africa" Report on IRG Workshop, 4-7 December 1994.  Addis Ababa

Jareg, E., Rehabilitation of child soldiers in Mozambique. Redd Barna, Oslo, 1993. (Note prepared for the Secretary General of Redd Barna)

Jareg, E. & McCallin, M., The rehabilitation of former child soldiers: report on a training workshop for caregivers of demobilized soldiers: Freetown, Sierra Leone, September 1st to 3rd 1993. International Catholic Child Bureau, Geneva, 1993.

Maramba, P., Reintegration of demobilized combatants into social and economic life: the Zimbabwean experience. Geneva, 1995. (Report on a consultancy for the ILO)

McCallin, M., The reintegration of young ex-combatants into civilian life: expert meeting on the design of guidelines for training and employment of ex-combatants, Harare, 11-14 July 1995. ILO, Geneva, 1995

Ministry of Agriculture. 1992. "Plan of Operation to Reintegrate Ex-Servicemen In the Rural Parts." Settlement Coordination Office. Addis Ababa (April).

Museveni, Yoweri Kaguta. 1994. "Address at the Opening of the Kampala Post-Conflict Demobilization Workshop." Kampala (Nov).

Preston, Rosemary, et al. 1993.  "The Integration of Returned Exiles, Former Combatants and Other War-Affected Namibians." Windhoek: The Namibian Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Namibia (March).

Preston, Rosemary, 1994. "Demobilizing and Integrating Fighters after War: The Namibian Experience." Warwick: International Center for Education in Development, University of Warwick (Sep).

Quaker Office at the United Nations, Children Bearing Military Arms, Geneva, 1983.

Rädda Barnen, "No Child Soldiers!" Stockholm, Sept., 1989.

Reichenberg, D. & Friedman, S., "Traumatized children: healing the invisible wounds of children in war: a rights approach." In: Daniel, Y., Rodley, N.S. & Weisaeth, (eds.), International responses to traumatic stress. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., Amityville, N.Y., 1996.

Secretariat of the Commissioner General of Rehabilitation, A Brief on Rehabilitation of Youth in Sri Lanka, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Colombo, (undated)

Sitari, Taimi, Julius Mtuleni, Lukas Nantanga and Bruce Schimming. 1995. "Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Namibia: Survey Report." Ondangwa.

Subah, Marion & Friesen, Delores, Trauma Healing for Children, Brochure produced for the Christian Health Association of Liberia, Monrovia (1992).

Torres, Maritess, "Children in Combat," in Children of the Storm, Children's Rehabilitation Center, Philippines (1992)

Uganda Veterans Assistance Board. 1993. "Final Report on Phase I Demobilization Operations: December 1992 - August 1993." Kampala (Aug).

UNICEF, The disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Child Soldiers in Liberia 1994-1997; The Process and Lessons  Learned, Report, UNICEF, New York, 1998.  Cape Town Principles on the Prevention of Recruitment of Children into the Armed Forces and Demobilization and Social Reintegration of Child Soldiers in Africa, UNICEF, New York, 1997.

United Nations, The Recruitment of Children into the Armed Forces: UN doc. E/CN.4Sub.2/1990/43, 26 Jun. 1990

United Nations, The Recruitment of Children into Government Armed Forces and Non-Governmental Armed Forces:     UN doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/35, 25 Jan. 1992.

United States Agency for International Development. 1994. "Demobilization in Ethiopia: Lessons Learned." Addis Ababa

United States Agency for International Development. 1994. "Project Grant Agreement for the Uganda Demobilization and Reintegration between the Government of the Republic of Uganda and the United Tates of America acting through The Agency for International Development." Kampala (Aug).

Woldu, Tadesse A. 1995. "Ethiopia Ex-Combatant Reintegration Case Study." Addis Ababa (May).

Woods, Dorothea E., "Children Bearing Military Arms", Quaker United Nations Office, Geneva, Nov - Dec 1992.

World Bank.  1993. "Demobilization and Reintegration of Military Personnel: Eight Country Case Studies."  Working paper. Washington DC.

World Bank. 1992. "Uganda Veterans Assistance Program: Demobilization of the National Resistance Army." Aide-Memoire (Sep)

World Learning Inc. 1994. "Proposal for a Uganda Veterans Demobilization and Reintegration Project in Soroti, Kumi and Pallisa." Submitted to USAID. Kampala (Nov).

Contact us