History 0200: Midterm Review

The best way to study for this exam is to review your lecture notes and your reading notes, and to study the assigned maps. The outlines that you have and that are now also on the web at http://www.pitt.edu/~irinal/hist200, as well as the outlines on the overheads I show in class, are a way to organize more detailed notes and facts. You should also look carefully at “Café Europa,” The Balkans, and the two documents by Maria Theresa and Joseph II respectively. You may be asked to analyze a portion of one of these.

Be able to identify, explain, contextualize, date and/or place on a map (where appropriate), the following terms:

• Slavenka Drakulic

• “The Life of Monuments”

• Eastern Europe

• Central Europe

• Balkans/South Eastern Europe

• Bulgars

• Magyars

• West Slavs

• East Slavs

• South Slavs

• Franks

• Lithuanians

• Union of Lublin

• Croatia

• Bosnia

• Serbia

• Kosovo (Battle of)

• Mohacs (Battle of)

• Catholicism

• Orthodoxy

• Ottoman threat

• Emperor Constantine the Great

• Millet system

• Roman Empire

• Byzantine Empire

• Great Schism

• House of Osman

• House of Habsburg

• Ottoman conquest

• Habsburg Empire

• Holy Roman Empire

• Austria

• Bohemia

• Hungary

• Poland-Lithuania

• Bulgaria

• Constantinople (Fall of Constantinople)

• Prague

• Vienna

• Pragmatic Sanction

• Piast Dynasty

• Jagiellonian Dynasty

• Prague (Charles) University

• Cracow (Jagiellonian) University

• Teutonic Knights

• Crusades

• Islam

• Cyril & Methodius

• Jan Hus

• Utraquism

• Counter-Reformation

• Battle of White Mountain

• Enlightened Absolutism

• Peter the Great

• Frederick the Great

• Maria Theresa

• Joseph II

• On the first part of the exam some terms from this list will appear paired and you will have to explain the relationship between the two items in each pair. For example:

Poland                          Lithuania

Maria Theresa              Joseph II

• You will encounter several true/false statements of the type: “The Ottoman conquests in Europe were an unqualified tragedy for the conquered peoples and territories.” “All migrations to Eastern Europe came from Central Asia.” You will have to explain why such statements are true or false and give evidence for your position on the statement.

Here are two possible essay questions you should prepare to answer by reviewing assigned readings, lecture and discussion notes. One of these will appear on the midterm.

1.      The Habsburg and Ottoman Empires and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth  grew into powerful states from modest beginnings. Trace and compare the rise of these states and their societies, the policies they employed, the obstacles they encountered, and the opportunities they were able to seize in their expansion. Which peoples and countries in Eastern Europe did these super states encompass? How did they differ in their development? 

2. The peoples of Eastern Europe were all pagan in the early Middle Ages, and some remained so until the 14^th century. Describe the rise of Christianity in Eastern Europe citing four different instances of conversion. What were the political and cultural results of these conversions to Eastern or Western Christianity given the

particular circumstances in which they occurred; and how did these play out in later centuries? Who were the missionaries active in these conversions and how did they achieve their goals. What cities emerged as important religious centers, and what role did these play in the history of the area? What was the role of crusading groups in the region?

Maps. Study especially maps 1, 2, 3, 5, 16, 23, 24. Be able to identify the countries on map 1, the major geographic spaces on map 2, the major ethnic groups on map 3, the two halves of the Roman Empire on map 5, the Byzantine Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Ottoman Empire

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