Clinics in Sports Medicine

Brian A. Smith, MD, Glen A. Livesay, MS, and Savio L.-Y. Woo, PhD


In the following chapter we discuss the composition, microstructure, and anatomy of the ACL. The biomechanical properties and behaviors of the ACL are then described as is the contribution of the ACL to overall knee kinematics. The influence of experimental and biologic testing factors is emphasized along with overall experimental methods, because these have been shown to alter ACL property measurement, and their understanding allows for appropriate comparisons to be made between studies. Data resulting from mechanical testing of ligaments have provided quantitative descriptions of the normal biomechanical properties and behaviors of the ACL, and in doing so, have helped to establish appropriate criteria for ACL replacement grafts. Thus, defining these normal properties is an integral step in the design of ACL replacement materials, providing a foundation for improvement and refinement of ACL reconstruction technique.