Statistics in a Modern World 800
Solutions to Practice Exam 1

1.  
   1. (ii)
   2. 3 (ate half grapefruit, drank grapefruit juice, or neither)
2.  
   1. (ii) experiment: chocolate was imposed by researchers
   2. (i) eating dark chocolate
   3. (ii) categorical: ate dark chocolate or not
   4. (ii) flexibility of blood vessels
   5. (iii) it is not clear from the article
   6. (iii) use of a control group is not specified (iv) magnitude of differences is not specified, we only know that blood vessels became more flexible
   7. (i) since there was apparently no control group, researchers would probably know they were looking at ultrasounds of a specially treated group of individuals; also, of course the subjects knew they ate chocolate
3.  
   1. (i) adolescents is the intended population (none of the other choices are general enough)
   2.  
      1. explanatory
      2. quantitative
      3. response
      4. quantitative
      5. response
      6. categorical
      7. explanatory
      8. categorical
   3. (iii)
   4. (iii)
   5. (i)
4.  
   1. (iii)
   2. (iii)
5.  
   1. Swiss study
   2. (migraine) patients
   3. CoQ10
   4. migraines, nausea
   5. (ii)
   6. (i)
6. (c)

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