WHO, Guidelines for Preclinical Evaluation and Clinical Trials in Osteoporosis, 1998.

It should be noted that these guidelines are based on data from postmenopausal Caucasian women; they may not be applicable to other races or ethnic groups.

Patients with osteopenia may still be at risk for fracture.

There are patients with osteopenia who have fractures already. Many physicians are confused about this phenomenon. For example, a patient having a T-score –2.2 is at significant risk for fracture even though osteopenic.