<xml id=“eXtensible Markup Language”/>
- informational markup (or "code")
- method for storing and sharing information
- freely exchangeable between computers of different kinds/platforms
Organizing Hierarchies
Important Concepts to Understand when creating Hierarchies: Russian Nesting Dolls or Family Tree or BOXES in BOXES
Russian Nesting Dolls
Family Tree
- element hierarchies resemble the descent of a family tree
- relationships are referred to similarily ie.
- ancestor
- descendent
- sibling
- parent
Boxes in Boxes
- Elements are boxes
- Attributes distinguish box types.
Well-formedness
- Everything (elements, tags, attributes, references, comments, processing instructions, and marked sections) is properly delimited.
- There is a single root element that contains all of the other elements both structural and contextual in nature.
- No elements overlap; therefore, there is a heirarchy or kinship relation in place.
The Element
- every tag / element begins with < and ends with > some elements that don’t contain any internal text are self closing.
- element is to attribute as noun is to adjective
Self-closing elements: the subtitle of this workshop <digital type="humanities"/>
Basic element structure: <greeting xml:lang="en">Hello, world! This is the content.</greeting>
Marking Up Texts Envisioning Well Formed Hierarchies
Politics and Language of Turkish Rock Music
- Structural Mark-Up
- used to show the basic structure of the text
- Contextual Mark-Up
- tagging could include:
- focused research question data
- translations of foreign language references
- themes
- etc.
Validity
A valid XML document follows the Rules of a Schema
- available vocabulary used to tag elements & attributes
- grammar for how the vocabulary is used: rules for nesting, sequencing, etc.
The Restoration of Nell Nelson
Visualizing Research using Stylesheets
Russian Rap Project
Exploring the Applications of XML
The Diachronic Growth of Joey Bada$$
Quantifying Texts
Frank O'Hara's Poetry
LET'S CODE!!!
Our Author of Interest: Simon Ortiz
Biography
- Acoma Pueblo Indian
- Born and raised near Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Grew up speaking the Acoma tongue
- earned a Master of Fine Arts in Writing from the University of Iowa in 1969
- During the 1960s he served in the Army, where he suffered discrimination, and worked in a uranium mining industry whose profit-driven desecration of the land he would later movingly protest
- In the early 1970s he began to write in earnest while teaching at various colleges
- In 1982 won a Pushcart Prize and a wide audience with From Sand Creek
Poetic Style and Themes
- Simple in its diction and rhythms
- Expresses great reverence for beloved landscapes
- intense rage against the de-humanizing forces of excessive development and mechanization
- Concerned with modern man’s alienation from others, from himself, and from his environment—urging as a solution our meaningful re-connection with the wisdom of ancestral spirits and with our Mother Earth