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Skepticism is a movement that says "show me" and that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof."
Ockham's Razor (Occam's Razor)
Non sunt multiplicanda entia praeter necessitatem ("entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity")
--William of Ockham (Occam) (a late medieval Scholastic, b. c. 1285, probably Surrey, d. probably 1349, Munich)
(Most influential 14th century Scholastic philosopher, founder of the Nominalist school. Also known as Occam's Razor, the Law of Parsimony, or the Law of Economy.Hume's Razor:
Hume (Of Miracles, 1748) advanced the following principle which --echoing Okham --has been called Hume's Razor:
"No testimony is sufficient to establish a miracle unless that testimony be of such a kind that its falsehood would be more miraculous than the fact which it endeavours to establish."
--William Grey, Philosophy and the Paranormal. Part 2: Skepticism, Miracles, and Knowledge. Skeptical Inquirer 1994; 18(3):288-294.Conover's Razor
Whosoever touts new medical "discoveries" based solely on testimonials and without any controlled studies, and whosoever markets such discoveries, most likely are guilty of fraud (or if unknowing, of attempting to lead others into the dark of their own ignorance) and should be ignored.
--meSkepticism is the disposition, or art, of matching belief to evidence. There is at present no convenient antonym for "skeptic." For convenience, I propose to revive the archaic expression "credulist" to serve this role. A credulist can be understood as someone who is apt to accept claims without sufficient evidence, that is to say, someone whose epistemic standards are too low.
--William Grey, Philosophy and the Paranormal. Part 2: Skepticism, Miracles, and Knowledge. Skeptical Inquirer 1994; 18(3):288-294.If I am fool, it is, at least, a doubting one; and I envy no one the certainty of his self-approved wisdom.
-- Lord Byron
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