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Review Questions

Test your understanding of this lecture by answering the following questions. To return from the hint back to the question, click the word: REV

  1. How important is cancer as a global health problem?

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  2. What is cancer?

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  3. "Cancer doesn’t grow freely like cells in a tissue culture dish. The patient puts up a fight!" Discuss this statement in terms of the role of host resistance in the biology of cancer.

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  4. What is the natural history of cancer? How does this form the basis for clinical staging? Why is staging important?

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  5. What is the "gold standard" for diagnosing cancer? What are biological markers for cancer?

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  6. What implications does a knowledge of the biology of cancer have for controlling the disease?

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  7. "Cancer is a lifestyle disease." Discuss this statement with reference to the role of social factors in the causation of cancer.

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  8. How does a knowledge of the role of social factors in the causation of cancer help to control the disease?

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  9. What are the three basic causal mechanisms for cancer?

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  10. What are oncogenes? How do they mediate the effects of carcinogens?

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  11. What is malignant transformation of a cell?

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  12. How do tumors spread and kill their hosts? What is metastasis?

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  13. Does diet play a role in cancer causation?

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  14. What are risk factors? How are they quantified?

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  15. How do social risk factors affect cancer etiology?

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  16. What risk factors are implicated currently in causing cancer?

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    What is their relative importance?

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  17. What is the transition phenomenon? What is a DALY?

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  18. Does cancer have the same pattern in populations from either developed or developing countries?

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  19. Are patterns of cancer occurrence independent of space (geography) and time across all countries of the world?

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  20. Discuss the social and economic impacts of cancer as a world health problem.

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