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Diff. = difference, T = testosterone, DHEAS = dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. One study found a positive association between prostate cancer and plasma levels of bioavailable testosterone (adjusted for levels of sex hormone binding globulin) [Gann et al 1996 J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 1118-26] but another two studies did not [Heikkila et al 1999 Cancer 86: 312-15; Dorgan et al 1998 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7: 1069-74]. One study found a positive association between free testosterone (fraction not bound) and prostate cancer [Carter et al 1995 Prostate 27: 25-31] but another two studies did not [Guess et al 1997, Nomura et al 1996 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6: 21-4, 5: 621-5].