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References:

1. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Belle Mead, NJ: Excerpta Medica, Inc; 1998.

2. Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al, for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. Lancet. 1993;341:72–75.

3. Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ. 1996;312:1254–1259.

Did you see the Part I of this lecture?

Usefulness of BMD Testing

BMD measurement can be used to1:

- Establish or confirm a diagnosis of osteoporosis

- Predict future fracture risk

   - 1 SD decrease in hip BMD is associated with a   2.6-fold increase in risk of hip fracture2

    - 1 SD decrease in spine BMD is associated with a 2.3-fold increase in risk of spine fracture3

- Monitor changes in BMD

- Assess response to therapy