Oracle8 Backup and Recovery Guide
Release 8.0
A58396-01

Contents

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Preface

1 Why Perform Backups?

What Is a Backup?

Why Are Backups Important?

When to Take Backups

Types of Failures

Physical Database Structures

Online Redo Log Files

Rollback Segments

2 What Are You Backing Up?

The Online Redo Log

Online Redo Log File Contents

How Online Redo Log Files Are Written

Multiplexed Online Redo Log Files

Threads of Online Redo Log and the Oracle Parallel Server

The Archived Redo Log

The Mechanics of Archiving

Archived Redo Log File Contents

Duplexing the Archived Redo Log

Database Archiving Modes

NOARCHIVELOG Mode (Media Recovery Disabled)

ARCHIVELOG Mode (Media Recovery Enabled)

Control File Contents

Multiplexed Control Files

Types of Backups

Whole Database Backups

Tablespace Backups

Datafile Backups

Control File Backups

Archivelog Backups

Datafile Copies

Operating System Backups

Logical Backups

3 When to Perform Backups

Guidelines for Database Backups

Perform Backups Frequently and Regularly

Backup Appropriate Portions of the Database When Making Structural Changes

Back Up Often-used Tablespaces Frequently

Back Up after Performing Unrecoverable/Unlogged Operations

Keep Older Backups

Database Backups After Using the RESETLOGS Option

Export Database Data for Added Protection and Flexibility

Consider Distributed Database Backups

Test Backup and Recovery Strategies

Creating a Backup Strategy

Backup Strategies in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Backup Strategies in ARCHIVELOG Mode

Backing Up Online Redo Logs

The Dangers Associated with Backing Up Online Redo Logs

4 Choosing Recovery Strategies

Recovery Concepts and Strategies

Important Recovery Data Structures

Recovery Planning

Factors Determining Your Recovery Strategy

Recovery Operations

5 Choosing a Backup Method

Backup Methods and Requirements

Recovery Manager

Operating System (O/S)

Enterprise Backup Utility

Recovery Manager

Using Oracle Enterprise Manager to Perform Recovery Manager Backups

Recovery Manager is Different from Traditional Operating System Backups

Backups to Disk

Backups to Sequential Media

Feature Comparison of Backup Methods

6 Getting Started with Recovery Manager

Decisions to Make Before Using Recovery Manager

Will You Use a Recovery Catalog?

Decide Whether or Not to Use Password Files

Decide How to Back Up init.ora Files and Password Files

Recovery Manager Connection Options

Connecting to Recovery Manager Without a Recovery Catalog

Connecting to Recovery Manager With a Recovery Catalog

Running Recovery Manager Commands

Running Recovery Manager Commands Interactively: Example 1

Using Command Files: Example 2

Using Stored Scripts: Example 3

Specifying Time Parameters in Recovery Manager

Recovery Manager Sample Scripts and Scenarios

Prerequisites for Performing Backups to Tape

Linking with a Media Manager

Generating Unique File Names

Know Your Media Manager's Maximum File Size Limit

7 Recovery Manager Concepts

Introduction to Recovery Manager

Backing Up to Sequential Media

The Recovery Catalog

Operating with a Recovery Catalog

Operating without a Recovery Catalog

Snapshot Control File

Recovery Manager Backup Types

Full and Incremental Backup Sets

Corruption Detection

Channel Control

Parallelization

Factors Affecting Degree of Parallelization

Multiplexed Backup Sets

Report Generation

User Tags for Recovery Manager Backups

Backup Constraints

Restore Constraints

Integrity Checking

Fractured Block Detection During Open Database Backups in Recovery Manager

Tracking Archive Logs

Cataloging Image Copies and Archive Logs

8 Performing Backup and Recovery with Recovery Manager

Installing the Recovery Catalog

Registering a Database

Maintaining the Recovery Catalog

Registering a Target Database with the Recovery Catalog

Resetting the Information in the Recovery Catalog

Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog with a Target Database

Changing the Availability of a Backup Set or File Copy

Cataloging User-Created Backup Files

Recovering a Lost or Damaged Recovery Catalog Database

Using Channel Control Commands

Channel Control Commands

Generating Reports

Generating a Report

Generating Lists

Maintaining Scripts

Creating and Replacing Scripts

Deleting Scripts

Printing Scripts

Configuring the Snapshot Control File Location

Backing Up Files

Performing Backups

Backing Up: Scenario

Copy Command Specifiers

Restoring Files

Database Point-In-Time Recovery

Restore Destination for Datafiles

Restore Destination for Control Files

Replicating Control Files

Restore Destination for Archived Logs

Guidelines for Restoring Datafiles

Restore Command Operand List

Switching Datafiles

Recovering Datafiles

Guidelines for Recovering Datafiles

Database Point-In-Time Recovery

Recovery Commands

Recover Command Object List

Monitoring Backups and Restores

Connecting a Session to Channels

Monitoring Progress

9 Recovery Manager Scenarios

Backing Up in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Backing Up Databases and Tablespaces

Backing Up a Database

Backing Up a Tablespace

Backing Up Individual Datafiles

Backing Up the Control File

Backing Up Archived Logs

Backing Up in a Parallel Server Environment

Copying Datafiles

Incremental Backups

Handling Errors

Using O/S Utilities To Make Copies

Keeping Backups

Restoring and Recovering

Restore and Recover When the Database Is Open

Database Point-In-Time Recovery

Querying the Recovery Catalog

Using the Report Command for Complex Recovery Catalog Queries

10 Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Introduction to Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Planning for Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Recovery Manager TSPITR Planning Requirements

Performing Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-In-Time Recovery

Back Up Tablespaces After Recovery Manager TSPITR Is Complete

Tuning Considerations

Specify a New Name for Datafiles in Auxiliary Set Tablespaces

Set the Clone Name and Use a Datafile Copy for Recovery Manager TSPITR

Use the Converted Datafile Name

11 Performing Operating System Backups

Performing Backups

Listing Database Files Before Backup

Performing Whole Database Backups

Performing Tablespace, Datafile, Control File or Archivelog Backups

Performing Control File Backups

Recovering From a Failed Online Tablespace Backup

Using the Export and Import Utilities for Supplemental Database Protection

12 Recovering a Database

Coordinate Distributed Recovery

Coordinate Time-Based and Change-Based Distributed Database Recovery

Recover Database with Snapshots

Recovery Scenarios

Recovering a Closed Database

Recovering an Offline Tablespace in an Open Database

Starting Recovery During Instance Startup

Applying Redo Log Files

Applying Log Files

Interrupting Media Recovery

Restoring a Whole Database Backup, NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Specifying Parallel Recovery

Preparing for Media Recovery

Media Recovery Commands

Issues Common to All Media Recovery Operations

Performing Complete Media Recovery

Performing Closed Database Recovery

Performing Open-Database, Offline-Tablespace Individual Recovery

Performing Open-Database, Offline-Tablespace Individual Recovery

Performing Incomplete Media Recovery

Performing Cancel-based Recovery

Performing Time-based Recovery

Performing Change-based Recovery

Preparing for Disaster Recovery

Planning and Creating a Standby Database

Altering the Physical Structure of the Primary Database

Unrecoverable Objects and Recovery

Read-only Tablespaces and Recovery

Using a Backup Control File

Re-creating a Control File

Recovery Procedure Examples

Types of Media Failures

Loss of Datafiles

Loss of Online Redo Log Files

Loss of Archived Redo Log Files

Loss of Control Files

Recovery From User Errors

13 Performing Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Introduction to Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Planning for Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Limitations Advisory

TSPITR Requirements

Performing Tablespace Point-In-Time Recovery

Step 1: Find Out if Objects Will be Lost when Performing TSPITR

Step 2: Research and Resolve Dependencies on the Primary Database

Step 3: Prepare the Primary Database for TSPITR

Step 4: Prepare the Parameter Files for the Clone Database

Step 5: Prepare Clone Database for TSPITR

Step 6: Recover the Clone Database

Step 7: Open the Clone Database

Step 8: Prepare the Clone Database for Export

Step 9: Export the Clone Database

Step 10: Copy the Recovery Set Clone Files to the Primary Database

Step 11: Import into the Primary Database

Step 12: Prepare the Primary Database for Use

Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database

Performing Partial TSPITR of Partitioned Tables

Step 1: Create a Table on the Primary Database for Each Partition Being Recovered

Step 2: Drop the Indexes on the Partition Being Recovered

Step 3: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 4:Take the Recovery Set Tablespace Offline

Step 5: Create Tables at Clone Database

Step 6: Drop Indexes on Partitions Being Recovered

Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 8: Export the Clone Database

Step 9: Copy the Recovery Set Datafiles to the Primary Database

Step 10: Import into the Primary Database

Step 11: Bring Recovery Set Tablespace Online

Step 12: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database

Performing TSPITR of Partitioned Tables When a Partition Has Been Dropped

Step 1: Find the Low and High Range of the Partition that Was Dropped

Step 2: Create a Temporary Table

Step 3: Delete Records From Partitioned Table

Step 4: Take Recovery Set Tablespaces Offline

Step 5: Create Tables at Clone Database

Step 6: Drop Indexes on Partitions Being Recovered

Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 8: Export the Clone Database

Step 9: Copy the Recovery Set Datafiles to the Primary Database

Step 10: Import into the Primary Database

Step 11: Bring Recovery Set Tablespace Online

Step 12: Insert Stand-Alone Tables into Partitioned Tables

Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database

Performing TSPITR of Partitioned Tables When a Partition Has Been Split

Step 1: Drop the Lower of the Two Partitions at the Primary Database

Step 2: Drop Indexes of Partitions Being Recovered

Step 3: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 4: Take Recovery Set Tablespaces Offline

Step 5: Create Tables at Clone Database

Step 6: Drop Indexes in Partitions Being Recovered

Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 8: Export the Clone Database

Step 9: Copy the Recovery Set Datafiles to the Primary Database

Step 10: Import into the Primary Database

Step 11: Bring Recovery Set Tablespace Online

Step 12: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables

Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database

TSPITR Tuning Considerations

Recovery Set Location Considerations

Backup Control File Considerations

A Recovery Manager Command Syntax

allocateForDelete

archivelogRecordSpecifier

needBackupOperand

restoreSpecOperand

releaseForDelete

reportObsoleteOperand

Glossary

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