Research for the battlefield included a wide variety of studies. Work on exotic diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and schistosomiasis, refocused NIH scientists on the agency’s roots in infectious diseases. Battlefield trauma, shock, and burns were some of the other problems addressed. In consultation with the U.S. Navy, NIH scientists determined the altitude at which oxygen had to be administered to prevent pilots from blacking out. They developed a design for efficient functioning of an apparatus to supply extra oxygen. The relation of pressure changes to bubble formation in liquids was studied with reference to problems of emboli forming in the blood of pilots. Other tests were made to evaluate the efficiency of flight clothing, especially electrically heated suits.