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Structural Protein 

Functional Protein

Nucleocapsid Protein (N)

Bound to RNA genome to make up nucleocapsid

Spike Protein (S)

Critical for binding of host cell receptors to facilitate entry of host cell

Envelop Protein (E)

Interacts with M to form viral envelop

Membrane Protein (M)

Central organizer of CoV assembly

Determines shape of viral envelop

NOTE: Some CoV’s do not need to have the full ensemble of structural proteins to make virions, highlighting that certain proteins may be dispensable or compensated by the function of non-structural proteins.