Starting SQL*Plus and Getting Help
This chapter explains how to access SQL*Plus from the operating system prompt, and discusses the following topics:
Starting SQL*Plus Using the SQLPLUS Command
You can start SQL*Plus from the operating system prompt by entering the SQLPLUS command in the following form:
SQLPLUS [[-S[ILENT]] [logon] [start]]|-|-?
where:
You have the option of entering logon. If you do not specify logon and do specify start, SQL*Plus assumes that the first line of the command file contains a valid logon. If neither start nor logon are specified, SQL*Plus prompts for logon information.
Refer to the following list for a description of each term or clause:
| -S[ILENT] | Suppresses all SQL*Plus information and prompt messages, including the command prompt, the echoing of commands, and the banner normally displayed when you start SQL*Plus. Use SILENT to invoke SQL*Plus within another program so that the use of SQL*Plus is invisible to the user. |
| username[/password] |
Represent the username and password with which you wish to start SQL*Plus and connect to Oracle. If you omit username and password, SQL*Plus prompts you for them. If you enter a slash (/) or simply enter [Return] to the prompt for username, SQL*Plus logs you in using a default logon (see "/" below). |
| If you omit only password, SQL*Plus prompts you for password. When prompting, SQL*Plus does not display password on your terminal screen. |
| database_specification |
Consists of a SQL*Net connection string. The exact syntax depends upon the SQL*Net communications protocol your Oracle installation uses. For more information, refer to the SQL*Net manual appropriate for your protocol or contact your DBA. |
| / | Represents a default logon using operating system authentication. You cannot enter a database_specification if you use a default logon. In a default logon, SQL*Plus typically attempts to log you in using the username OPS$name, where name is your operating system username. See the Oracle8 Server Administrator's Guide for information about operating system authentication. |
| /NOLOG | Establishes no initial connection to Oracle. Before issuing any SQL commands, you must issue a CONNECT command to establish a valid logon. Use /NOLOG when you want to have a SQL*Plus command file prompt for the username, password, or database specification. The first line of this command file is not assumed to contain a logon. |
| - | Displays the usage and syntax for the SQLPLUS command, and then returns control to the operating system. |
| -? | Displays the current version and level number for SQL*Plus, and then returns control to the operating system. Do not enter a space between the hyphen (-) and the question mark (?). |
The SQL*Plus command may be known by a different name under some operating systems, for example, plus80. See your SQL*Plus installation documentation for further information on your operating system.
Setting Up the Site Profile
SQL*Plus supports a Site Profile, a SQL*Plus command file created by the database administrator. This file is generally named GLOGIN with an extension of SQL. SQL*Plus executes this command file whenever any user starts SQL*Plus and SQL*Plus establishes the Oracle connection. The Site Profile allows the DBA to set up SQL*Plus environment defaults for all users at a particular site; users cannot directly access the Site Profile. The default name and location of the Site Profile depend on your system. Site Profiles are described in more detail in the Oracle installation and user's manual(s) provided for your operating system.
Setting Up the User Profile
SQL*Plus also supports a User Profile, executed after the Site Profile. SQL*Plus searches for a file named LOGIN with the extension SQL in your current directory. If SQL*Plus does not find the file there, SQL*Plus will search a system-dependent path to find the file. Some operating systems may not support this path search.
Receiving a Return Code
If you fail to log in successfully to SQL*Plus because your username or password is invalid or some other error, SQL*Plus will return an error status equivalent to an EXIT FAILURE command. See the EXIT command in this chapter for further information.
Example 6-1
Starting SQL*Plus
To start SQL*Plus with username SCOTT and password TIGER, enter
SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER
To start SQL*Plus, as above, and to make POLICY the default database (where POLICY is a valid SQL*Net database connection string), enter
SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER@POLICY
To start SQL*Plus with username SCOTT and password TIGER and run a command file named STARTUP with the extension SQL, enter
SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER @STARTUP
Note the space between TIGER and @STARTUP.
Example 6-2
Displaying the SQLPLUS syntax
To display the syntax of the SQLPLUS command, enter
SQLPLUS -
SQL*Plus displays the following
Usage: SQLPLUS [<option>] [<user>[/password>] [@<host>]]
[@<startfile> [<parm1>] [<parm2>] ...]
where <option> ::= {-s|-?}
-s for silent mode and -? to obtain version number
Getting Help
To access online help for SQL*Plus commands, you can type HELP followed by the command name at the SQL command prompt. For example:
SQL> HELP ACCEPT
If you get a response that help is unavailable, consult your database administrator. See the HELP command![[*]](jump.gif)
for more information.
