What can be done to try to decrease inequalities in educational outcomes and improve the performance of all kids in school?  More must be done before a child reaches school by investing more resources in early childhood development.  Research shows that quality child care and preschool programs can be beneficial for all kids, but would be particularly helpful for kids from low-SES backgrounds.  In school early literacy programs must be enhanced, the most successful programs being available for all kids who need them.  A universal needs-based approach (universally available but providing more resources to those with greater needs) must be incorporated rather than providing programs based on per-capita funding.  Lastly, policy makers have to recognize that this is not simply an education issue; it affects the community as a whole and has both short and long-term health implications.