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After the discovery of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E, a few viral hepatitis cases, which failed to be ascribed to A~E, were observed. In 1995, Simons' (Abbott) group identified new novel virus termed GBV-C; in 1996, Linnen's (Genelab) idenfied another novel virus named HGV.

These two viruses are identified to have the same/or very similar structure and contain two flavivirus sequences related to, but far distinct from the HCV. Although, there have been many reports concerning the clinical characteristics of HGV/GBV-C, it is still controversial if it will cause acute, fulminant, and/or chronic hepatitis. It is usually found in accompany with HCV infection.