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HCV has incubation period of 1~5 months. It may present with recurrent acute episodes, however, in frequent settings, it has no apparent clinical symptoms and only discovered by occasion. 50 ~ 70 % of acute cases will become chronic infection in adults.

The prevalence rate in general adult populations is around 0.6 ~ 1.5 % worldwide by the 2nd generation reagent for testing anti-HCV.